Prohibition Installment And Effects - 1255 Words

Dylan Cox Coach Kaye AP Psychology 12 March 2016 Prohibition: Installment and Effects â€Å"The ratification of the 18th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution–which banned the manufacture, transportation and sale of intoxicating liquors–ushered in a period in American history known as Prohibition† (History.com Staff). Overnight, alcohol went from a common drink of choice to an illegal asset that became the heartbeat of bootlegging organizations and organized crime. The otherwise â€Å"Roaring 20s† was marred by the gang violence and public unrest that resulted from Prohibition. In the novel, The Great Gatsby, the effects of Prohibition are event throughout. The main character, Jay Gatsby, would not be possible without the implementation of Prohibition. Throughout the novel, one can identify the underlying themes of Prohibition that become evident as the reader learns more about the main character and those around him; bootlegging, drinking, and speakeasies are a staple of Fitzgerald’s attempt to plac e the reader in one of Americas most prosperous and simultaneously criminal eras: the 1920s. Prohibition was the legal prevention of the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcohol in the U.S. from 1920 to 1933. The Temperance Movement in the early 1900s sought to remove all vices from culture in order to perfect society. With the passing of the 18th Amendment, it appeared the movement had succeeded. However, millions of Americans were willing to drink illegally, which generated a needShow MoreRelated The Roaring Twenties Essay836 Words   |  4 Pagesuncertain about its goals and its future strategies. Prohibition played a key role in the Roaring Twenties and the early years of the depression. It was the sale or manufacture of illegal alcohol. To prohibit the sale of illegal alcohol was an attempt to use law and government to help change individual behavior. Advocates of Prohibition sought to justify this policy. The eighteenth amendment was adopted in 1919 and took effect in 1920. During Prohibition, rival gangs in many gig cities tried to controlRead MoreThe Period of the Great Depression and Political Issues in America1767 Words   |  7 Pagestwenty years. The effects of America’s international economic and political isolationism in the 1920’s were still seen in our non membership of the League of Nations. We only sent observers to Geneva, Switzerland to check it out as investigators. Harding couldn’t completely stay out of international affairs because of the American-British competition over oil-drilling. Secretary Hughes finally negotiated a way for the U.S. to share in the oil profits there. Another effect was the disarmament planRead MoreThe Aftermath of World War I927 Words   |  4 Pagescountries. This gave them an upper hand in their economic position since they did not spend as much money as France, Germany, and Britain did. This ignited their unprecedented affluence which had a domino effect in America’s society in terms of government’s relationship to business. Another effect of the First World War is the Red Scare and America’s prejudice and fear against the minorities shown throu gh the immigration policies it established. These changes in the economy increased living standardsRead MoreThe Great Depression Was Caused By The Stock Market Crash996 Words   |  4 PagesIt was the most catastrophic economic event in U.S. history. Those who were able to keep their jobs noticed a significant decrease in their hours and wages. The contraction of the economy squeezed debtor, especially farmers and laborers who made installment purchases or mortgages. By 1933, thousands of Americans lost their homes to foreclosures. Factories shut down, banks closed, farms went bankrupt, millions of people found themselves jobless, but homeless and destitute as well. Those who were desperateRead MoreLoan Proposal For Payday Loans2490 Words   |  10 Pagesstate and sometimes federal regulations to curb the exploitative power of the payday lenders. I will argue that payday loans are, in fact, exploitative. I will outline the different forms of regulation that have been enacted and g o over the important effects. I will then go over proposed federal regulations by the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. Finally, I will outline and explain which regulations may be best and why. Robert Mayer approaches the question of what makes a payday loan exploitativeRead MoreObligation and contracts outline (LAW101)2421 Words   |  10 PagesObligations – Article 1156 to 1304 Title II, Contracts – Article 1305 to 1430 Outline of Topics: Obligations (Prelim-Midterm) Chapter 1- General Provisions Art. 1156-1162 i – Definition of Obligation ii – Sources of Obligation Chapter 2 – Nature and Effect of Obligation – Art. 1163-1178 - Obligations of Debtor - Rights of Creditor - Breaches of Obligation - Liabilities of Debtor - Remedies of Creditor - Transmissibility of Obligation Chapter 3 – Different Kinds of Obligations Art. 1179-1230Read MoreMyths In China1727 Words   |  7 Pagesnumerous multinational organizations have created alternate courses of action that would enable them to change in accordance with providers and banks outside of Russia and limit the effect of assents on their operations. There is likely less press scope of U.S. firms that have possessed the capacity to limit the effect of the authorizations on Russia or the impacts of Russian striking back. Besides, total exchange and venture patterns cover contrasts at the firm and area level. In spite of the factRead MoreThe Roaring Twenties By F. Scott Fitzgerald1263 Words   |  6 Pageswealthy (Hanson 96). The Roaring Twenties influenced many literary works, throughout the 1920s such as F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby and This Side of Paradise. At the start of the 1920s, prohibition had just begun, banning the purchase, sale, and manufacture of alcohol. This actually had adverse effects as people began to make their own alcohol and sell it illegally (Hanson 96). World War I had also recently ended, and soldiers were coming home to a recession in the U.S. The end of the war meantRead MoreThe Cuban Missile Crisis : The Most Dangerous Time1421 Words   |  6 Pagescontrol and knew that he couldn’t address the real issues with the influence of the U.S. Castro began his reform by nationalizing many American owned businesses in Cuba without compensation. In response the U.S. placed trade prohibitions on Cuba which are in still in effect today and cut Cuba’s sugar quota forcing Cuba into economic isolation. In this predicament Castro realized that he needed support to gain economic independency from the U.S. On December 19th 1960, Castro aligned Cuba with SovietRead MorePublished In Examinerlike Gestalt Therapy Which Was Introduced1618 Words   |  7 Pagesvalues. However, his personal life was quite the opposite; he drank bootleg liquor during the prohibition, smoked, played poker and was a womanizer. His design was to lower war time taxes and gets a better handle on government expenditures. The result was that Government expenditures fell as did national debt. Mellon, his Secretary of the Treasury, favored high tariffs. This ultimately had negative effects on agriculture. Regrettably, Harding surrounded himself with cronies referred to as the Ohio

Readers of Huck Finn Free Essays

The ending of Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain is indeed puzzling. On the surface, the story looks a perfect happy end – more or less, everybody seems satisfied with the new order of things: Jim is now a free man, Tom is fully recovered, and Huck gets rid of his father and receives a chance to move West to start an independent life free of â€Å"civilizing† efforts of well-meaning adult women. This looks like a perfect American ‘happy end’ which so often ends Hollywood movies even if the previous course of events had seemed unlikely to bring about such a happy combination of circumstances. We will write a custom essay sample on Readers of Huck Finn or any similar topic only for you Order Now Perhaps the sympathetic treatment of the runaway slave on the part of Huck seemed idealized to many of Clemens’ contemporaries and later critics. At the same time, the ending contains one very important message that makes it less ideal than it may seem on the surface. This is the whole behaviour of Tom Sawyer who had known all the way that Jim was in fact a free man, yet had chosen to withhold this information from his friends simply to have a spectacular liberation. In doing so, he had subjected Huck and Tom to many trials and dangers that are surely exciting to read about, but overall so difficult that few of us would like to repeat it on their own. This callous and insensitive action on the part of Tom, although he tries to justify it with a lame excuse that he had meant to repay Jim with money for his troubles, vividly demonstrates that his treatment of Afro-Americans is less idealistic. In showing Tom’s lack of sensitivity for the feelings of another human being simply because this human being happens to be a black slave brings home to the readers of Adventures of Huckleberry Finn the real situation of the relationship between slave-owners and slaves. To a great degree, such attitude puts Huck’s heroic deeds in context and reveals that many people would probably choose to imitate Tom’s behaviour rather than Huck’s especially if this promised them an opportunity to have fun. True, the readers realize that Tom is not a typical white male as there is probably no such thing as a purely stereotypical person who simply follows all the norms of his class without showing any individuality. Tom does have a very bright and outstanding individuality, and he is notable for his love of a good prank. Thus, he is going to take liberties with the lives and need of other people, including those of his own class, as he had shown during his school jokes. However, would he be willing to make a white person from a respectable background undergo such hardship as Jim did? The question remains unanswered, and the readers can very well suspect that Tom can be doing many things to have fun with things that are life and death to other people, less empowered than himself. Therefore, the ending of the book does reveal the inhuman attitudes of white slave-owners toward their black slaves. The author does show that the life of a black person is no bed of roses even after the basic question of personal freedom is solved. This freed person finds oneself in the setting in which the white majority are taught to see their black fellow citizens as worthless individuals in contrast to themselves – as people whose human value is at least slightly less than that of their own. As to Huck’s kind treatment of the runaway slave, this does not seem so improbably even one considers the wide scale of the abolitionist movement in the nation. Huck is shown to experience pangs of conscience when he conceals a runaway slave, feeling affinity with his own class and race. Yet, like many people in theory born to be slave-owners, he oversteps the prejudice the society imposes upon him and manages to become a moral person by helping a human being. Summing it up, the ending of Huck Finn does not seem to contain any improbable elements that would confirm that Twain cheated. The closure of the book does show that white people often tended to see slaves as inferior, and that many were able to rise above prejudices to help slaves. Twain, Mark. Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. 13 Jan. 06 http://www.bibliomania.com/0/0/54/99/frameset.html.       How to cite Readers of Huck Finn, Essay examples

Dickens Sense of Theatre Essay Example For Students

Dickens Sense of Theatre Essay Dickens seems to have a highly developed sense of theatre, and this is proven countless times in his works. The three stages of Pips life could also be called Acts, because if you were to make Great Expectations into a play, the three stages would most certainly be divided into Acts 1, 2 and 3. Dickens brings down the curtain at the end of the first stage with a few very powerful paragraphs. These paragraphs illustrate Pips feeling of loss, lonliness, and even dejection, and describe the parting between Pip, Biddy and Joe. It also describes the way Pip keeps questioning himself as the carriage pulls away from the town; he constantly is debating whether or not to jump out and walk back, but by the time he decides to, he has journeyed too far to walk back. It almost seems that Dickens is trying to shut the door on the first stage of Pips life, and showing that he can never go back. The final paragraphs describe Pip as he walks away, fighting back tears. He realizes that if he had cried in front of Joe and Biddy, he would have stayed for just one more night, but that one night would have turned into two, then three, and he would have become increasingly reluctant to leave the comfortable setting of the forge, even if it was his dream to go to London and become a gentleman. These last few paragraphs clearly illustrate Dickens wonderful use of language to create a mood.

Paintball The Safe Sport Essays - Paintball, Outdoor Recreation

Paintball: The Safe Sport So, your son, daughter, or husband is begging for your okay to buy the latest paintball equipment. It's surprising, but after only one or two trips to the paintball field, folks just get hooked! While you'd like to share their enthusiasm for the sport and give your much needed go ahead, you are concerned with your loved ones shooting paintballs at other players and being shot at. Don't feel like you're alone. These are common and serious concerns that deserve a thoughtful response. The following paragraphs will hopefully explain why our sport is the fastest growing sport in the world and that it doesn't have anything to do with people hurting one another. Paintball has had an astounding safety record. Medical and insurance statistics show that paintball is safer than bowling! This is a strong testimony to the game and they players who play it. Paintball is a safe sport as long as rules are followed. Insurance statistics also show that paintball is much safer than golf, jogging, downhill skiing, snow boarding, tennis, swimming and many other more common sports. Safety is highly stressed at most fields. The majority of fields require goggles be worn at all times unless in designated areas. In addition to this fields also require that barrel plugs (plastic inserts that prevent projectiles from leaving your gun's barrel) be used while players are in certain areas. Ignoring safety is a good way to get yourself ejected from a field. Men and women of all ages and life-styles play paintball in over 30 countries. From schoolteachers or high school students, professionals or technicians, all paintball players share a love for adventure and a strong competitive team spirit. Paintball is similar to the childhood games of tag and hide and seek, but much more challenging and sophisticated. There are various game formats. Usually, a group of players will divide into two teams to play capture the flag. The number of players on a team varies from four or five players, to as many as 100 players on each side, limited only by the size of the playing field. The object of the game is to capture the other team's flag while defending your own flag station. Players compete to eliminate opposing players by tagging them with a paintball expelled from an airgun. Games usually have a time limit of 20 to 45 minutes. Between 10 - 15 games are played during one day. Between games, players may check their equipment, reload paintballs or have a snack and share stories about the thrills of victory and the usually funny agonies of defeat. Win or lose, everyone has a great time! A paintball is a round, dime-sized gelatin capsule with colored liquid inside. Paintballs are similar to large round vitamin capsules or bath oil beads. The liquid is non-toxic, non-caustic, water-soluble, and biodegradable. It rinses out of clothing and off skin with mild soap and water. Paintballs come in a rainbow of colors. When a paintball tags a player, the gelatin ball opens and the liquid leaves a paint mark. A player who is marked is eliminated from the game. Paintball guns come in a variety of styles. Some are small stock pistols, powered by small 12-gram CO2 cartridges that need to be changed after 15 to 25 shots. Other paintball guns are rifle-like, with shoulder stocks and longer barrels. These are powered by larger, refillable CO2 cylinders that supply hundreds of shots. Some paintball guns are pump-actions. Each time you shoot, you must first cock the paintball gun by using a pump. Other paintball guns are semi-automatic, which re-cock automatically. Just squeeze the trigger! Paintballs won't hit hard enough to cause an injury as long as proper safety procedures are followed. Protective covering with multiple layers of clothing is recommended. To protect their eyes, all players must always wear approved-for-paintball goggles in every area where shooting is allowed, even at the target range. Barrel plugs are required anywhere off the playing field. Professional referees on the playing field control the games, enforce the rules of fair play, and monitor safety rules. Most paintball fields have a staff of trained referees that allows them to conduct several games simultaneously. Paintball is a sport where women and

Kate Chopins The Awakening

Kate Chopins The Awakening Introduction In the novel â€Å"The Awakening† by Kate Chopin, the author depicts Edna as a woman who is unable to hide sexual desires. Moreover, Edna juggles her private life with the life she is expected to lead by the society. According to Baym (2008;10-12), Edna struggles to assert the individual identity of a woman beyond the limits set by the patriarchal society.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Kate Chopin’s â€Å"The Awakening† specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The novel cannot reconcile the public and the private self because of societal expectations that severely curtail freedom of choice. Edna’s sexual escapades are synonymous with the art experiments, which remains a vital part of her life. The changes articulated in Chopin’s novel elucidate the confusion and lack of reconciliation between the role of Edna as a female artist and her sexual inclination. This conflict culmin ates in the death of Edna. Discussion Conflict between Public and Private Life The start of â€Å"The Awakening† depicts Edna as an epitome of the American ideals of the 19th century. She is a young woman married to an attentive and wealth husband. By the social standards of the 19th century, Edna is leading a perfect life. The social picture of this woman is that of a perfect mother and a happy woman. The marital tag â€Å"Mrs. Pontellier,† introduces the reader to the picture formed by Edna’s husband and the society that expects every woman to be respectful. This picture comes with responsibilities that curtail Edna’s freedom. Henceforth, she is referred to as Edna after casting aside the fictional role of the woman to lead a carefree life. Edna has a love for the arts, although her main interest is in accomplishing a woman’s dream. Edna is not fully committed to the societal role of a wife, which is against the expectations of the public. Moreov er, she undertakes motherly duties with discontent and constantly asserts her position. She thinks that women have no choices in their private lives. Moreover, they are compelled by the patriarchal society to assume their responsibilities of bearing and rearing children (Baym 15). Edna cares for her children although she cannot match the prowess with which Adele performs her societal duties. Edna’s husband reprimands her for her laxity in taking care of their sick son. Moreover, her response on the issue evokes fury and the husband is on the blink of insanity.Advertising Looking for essay on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The husband does not expect such a response from the wife and rebukes Edna for neglecting children, a feat unheard in a perfect patriarchal society, where the woman is supposed to be submissive and attend to the needs of the husband and the children (Baym 105). Edna†™s husband was attentive and loving as any American husband in the 19th century. The century depicts women as objects for the gratification of the men rather than subject determining their free will as would be the wish of Edna. Edna embraces modernity in a peculiar way by failing to settle into the designated societal roles that she deems inappropriate and a form restriction. Edna offers a satirical description of her friend’s predicament as a perfect assimilation into the mother role. To Edna, Adele’s situation depicts colorless existence, which fails to emancipate the possessor from the domain of blind contentment (Baym 257). The Awakening When Edna starts to experiment with art, painting surpasses important activities. Painting sparks Edna’s repressed desires to purpose beyond the societal and public roles given to her. Concisely, she wants her private life to be devoid of any form of interference. This forms the genesis of Edna’s awakening. Edna ha s realized realizes the position she has in the Universe as a human being. She also recognizes that her relationship with others as an individual is preceded by painting. Edna attempts to decipher the lifestyle led by Adele via painting (Baym 280). Ironically, Edna feels the need to connect with the maternal figure notwithstanding that she is determined to dismiss her maternal role of supporting her children. Her art depicts connotations reserved for the private life, which should not enter into the public domain. She focuses on women in a sensual manner. The desire evokes argument that she has a homosexual-maternal aspect. Edna is oblivious that such private matters are not encouraged in the public but she admits that her art is socially acceptable as it depicts the life of Adele. Edna’s art is disrupted by her romantic ardor. She burns with desire when painting Adele. This desire is homosexual and is opposed in such a society. Edna strips away from restrictive aspects in he r life. These aspects are social rules, marriage, and clothing (Baym 145).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Kate Chopin’s â€Å"The Awakening† specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Conflict Between Private and Public Life After fuelling sexual desires through exploration of painting, Edna recognizes another life. She is conscious of the lack of satisfaction her domestic and social relationships provide her with. Her friends and the family physician fail to recognize what may be happening to her. The doctor claims that the cause of Edna’s unhappiness is her sexual escapades with men. Despite being inscribed with maternal instincts unavoidable after pregnancy, she cannot subject herself to the life led by Adele. Adele is obsessed with her social and maternal duties and can only get fulfillment after caring for the children. Nevertheless, in the attempt by Edna to forge a different life with differen t roles, Edna leads a life that is different from that of her friend. Moreover, the desire to create a different role and life for herself, emanates from the struggle against social stereotypes (Baym 487). Edna’s aims at becoming conscious of the full potential she has. Notwithstanding that emotional satisfactions are requisites to a full life, the society in which Edna lives in is marred with chauvinistic tendencies. In the light of this, the women are not expected to be self centered. This simply means that the women cannot focus on their happiness and the first priority is family preservation. Edna voices her dissatisfaction with her husband’s views on Victorian ideals. She views the ideals as a form of oppression because her husband determines her choices. She distances herself from the husband through art. The income from these sales gives her a feeling of independence. On the other hand, this move gives the husband a feeling of threat (Baym 452). As opposed to ma ny respectable women who are shy around a doctor, Edna is comfortable. She does not gesture or glance when touched by the doctor. Edna also shows no emotion when she refuses to attend the wedding of her sister. She insists that her husband should attend the function alone because it reminds her of her own marriage. The refusal to attend the wedding reveals that Edna is determined to distance herself from all possible societal roles. By watching her sister become a subservient wife meant for serving her husband, she cannot think of a worse experience. Edna’s father reminds her of the bad experiences she has had in life. Edna’s father and Margaret’s life are perfect examples of patriarchal forces dominating the life of Edna.Advertising Looking for essay on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As she extends the distance between the husband and her, her art increases in force and reality. Edna goes against the societal norms by moving into a house away from their matrimonial home. She does this thinking that she will evolve from an amateur artist to a professional artist (Baym 278). Conclusion In summary, Edna is a hard working woman torn between leading a public or a private life. She uses Adele as a perfect example of the effects of a patriarchal society on the freedom of a woman. This is because Adele is a loving and caring mother. Moreover, Adele is a model of in the 19th century’s woman. The submissiveness of Adele is a source of concern for Edna who views that the woman should emancipate herself from the societal and familial roles and pursue a free life. Edna has no stand. She admires Adele but ridicules her submissiveness. She cannot be like Adele but she worships and idolizes Adele’s children. Through her awakening, there is a further conflict betwe en her personal choice and the choices determined by the public. Beauty, social, and sexual issues also characterize this awakening. This is a difficult way of trying to bring out the private life of an individual in a patriarchal society. Baym, Nina. The Norton Anthology of American Literature: Beginnings to 1865. New York: W W Norton Company Incorporated,2008.

The Many Meanings of Mean

The Many Meanings of Mean The Many Meanings of Mean The Many Meanings of Mean By Maeve Maddox A reader from Brazil wonders about the word mean: It has many meanings, such as as evil or significant. Could you help me and others with this word? It’s not surprising that a non-native English speaker would have difficulty assigning a sense to this word. Apart from many discarded definitions, mean continues to be used in numerous senses. Ignoring the word’s use as noun or verb, I’ll look at mean as an adjective. How can mean denote both median and unkind? The word comes from two etymological sources that have jostled together through the years. From its Anglo-Norman source, mean has the sense of intermediate, middle, middle-sized. Our adverbs meantime and meanwhile come from the sense of something occurring between two points of time or between two events. Later on, from the idea of being â€Å"in the middle,† the word took on the sense of ordinary or mediocre. Scientific language yields these terms with mean in the sense of median: Astronomy mean moon mean solar day mean time Ballistics mean point of impact Mathematics mean diameter mean distance mean motion mean temperature mean-value theorem Physics mean free path Statistics mean deviation mean square Typography mean line From its Germanic sources, mean had the meaning â€Å"possessed jointly,† â€Å"belonging equally to a number of persons.† We all know that a Rolex has more cultural value than a Timex; it was only a matter of time before the meaning of â€Å"common ownership† evolved–as did the Anglo-Norman word–to mean ordinary. From ordinary it came to mean â€Å"inferior in rank or quality,† â€Å"of low social status,† â€Å"inferior in learning or ability.† The sense â€Å"of low social class† took on the added sense of â€Å"characterized by poverty, shabby.† Everyday speech gives us these uses of mean: inferior in rank: â€Å"Leave him. He’s but a mean clerk; I demand to speak to his superior.† of low social status: Catherine I of Russia came of mean origins. inferior in ability, learning, perception: â€Å"The truth of my statement ought to be clear to the meanest intelligence!† characterized by poverty: â€Å"Down these mean streets a man must go† vicious or hard to control: â€Å"Don’t make me ride a mean horse.† violent: â€Å"He’s nice enough ordinarily, but he’s a mean drunk.† stingy, miserly: Scrooge was mean with his money. unkind: That boy is mean to his little sister. Finally, as if all these uses weren’t challenging enough, mean can also indicate that something is admirable: He plays a mean saxophone. (i.e., He plays saxophone extremely well) He packs a mean punch. (i.e., He hits really hard.) Winning the Iditarod three years running is no mean achievement. (i.e., Winningis an admirable achievement.) For the non-native English speaker, mastering the many meanings of mean is no mean feat. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:20 Words with More Than One SpellingTry to vs. Try andWriting a Thank You Note

Foreign and Domestic Policy Issues from the 60's and Today Research Paper

Foreign and Domestic Policy Issues from the 60's and Today - Research Paper Example The first issue that president Obama needs to deal with is terrorism. Although terrorist threats on the US reached their height during the reign of George W Bush, Obama needs to devise new strategies of dealing with the problem. Terrorism is a global issue since it is still a problem in other parts of the globe. This indicates that the president needs to deal with the problem as a global issue and not an American issue. It is difficult for America to deal with terrorism without support from other countries. Although America has the military capabilities of dealing with any form of terrorism, the country still require collaboration with other nations (Koontz 107). For instance, the tactical arrest of Osama bin Laden proved America’s capabilities of dealing with terrorist criminals. However, the issue raised questions concerning lack of Pakistan involvement in the arrest. Thus, Obama needs to establish diplomatic relationship with leaders from other countries in order to solve t he current problems related to terrorism. President Obama also needs to address the current wars in Afghanistan and Iraq since it is affecting America’s credibility on the global stage. George W Bush was behind the war in his efforts to stop terrorism. These wars have similarities with the Vietnam War in the 1980s. Wars have no benefit to a country. In addition, there is no an absolute victor from a war. Thus, the president needs to reconsider America’s position on these wars. Like in the Vietnam War, America is losing millions of dollars due to its involvement in the war (Ellen web). In addition, the war has resulted into massive destruction of lives and property. America has lost hundreds of its soldiers in the wars. The latest incidence is increasing number of suicide cases among soldiers fighting in these countries. The continued involvement of America in the Iraq and Afghanistan wars is contributing to the problems been experienced by the country. America needs to create a systematic withdrawal of its forces from Afghanistan and Iraq within the shortest time possible. The role of regime change that America has played in the two countries should be left the UN. The US also needs to separate its war against terrorism from war against Islam. Although most terrorist have an Islamic background, Islam and terrorism have no relationship. There have been allegations that America is fighting Islam through its global efforts to eliminate terrorism. President Obama has an obligation to free America from these allegations by ordering the withdrawal of American forces from Iraq and Afghanistan. In addition, America needs to be accountable for the crimes committed by its forces in the two countries (Brook web). This will free America from accusations of double standards in dealing with crime against humanity. Gay marriages and gay rights have also remained a controversial issue in America. Although America is a multicultural society, it has a global socia l obligation. In addition America is been looked upon by the rest of the global population. Thus, mistakes committed by Americans are likely to be repeated by the rest of the globe. Gay people have the rights to live as other ordinary individuals do. In addition, they have the rights of upgrading their relationship into marriages. America has high social standards and integration than the rest of the world. Thus, Americans needs to reconsid

Importance Of Agriculture Policy For European Union Essay

Importance Of Agriculture Policy For European Union - Essay Example European Union region possesses a large export market for agricultural goods. Its exports value for 2010 amounted to more than 90 billion Euros (European commission 2011). European Union has become the leading exporter of agri-products. Its agricultural exports superseded that of US in 2003. In 2003 the EU exports of agricultural products amounted to $66 billion and that of US amounted to $64billion (European commission 2007). European Union also imports agricultural products that worth many billion Euros. However its exports have been significantly higher than its import of agri-goods in the past decade. The balance of trade of EU in agricultural product has also been improved in the past decade. The following table shows the European Union Exports and Imports from 2000 to 2006. The balance of trade was negative in 2000 through 2004. It, however, improved in 2005 and amounted to $6 billion in 2006. EU exports of agricultural products amounted to $135 billion in 2010 (Wall street jou rnal 2011). European Union has Common agricultural policy (CAP). CAP came into existence in 1950’s after the destruction of World War II. CAP was formulated with the vision of avoiding any possible food shortage that EU countries might face due to the massive destruction in World War II. A budget was decided to support, invest and regulate agricultural market in EU region. Initially CAP claimed around 50% of European Union Budget (Visegrad 2010). CAP aims at such regulations and action plans that ensure the safe, healthy and competitive agri-products to be consumed inside the region and exported as well. Primarily, the CAP’s focus has been on the subsidies given to farmers to ensure high production but now due to several factors the CAP’s focus, in its new proposed policy, has been on the policies for agriculture that ensure a farming that meet the standards of environmental security as well as provide competitive products to the EU region and International comm unity. Common agricultural policy takes a very high bite of the EU budget. In 2009 its budget amounted to 55 billion EUR which is about 44% of the total budget of European Union (European commission 2010). This paper will discuss the agricultural policy of European Union, its inception and primary objectives at the time of its formulation. The paper will discuss the importance of agricultural policy of European Union by referring to the important agricultural policies and discussing therein the importance of such policies. Moreover the paper will also discuss the new proposed policies for agriculture and their importance in the changing world scenario for European Union specifically and International community at large. Initial CAP and its importance In its early years, CAP adopted a policy where it provided the subsidies and had a system where the farmers were assured of high prices for their commodities. It also provided a policy for substantial financial assistance to improve and restructure farms and to implement new technological developments in the agricultural production. The underlying objective of CAP at the time of its establishment was to take such measures so as to avoid a possible food shortage in the region, to increase productivity of agricultural sector, to stabilize markets and to ensure price competitiveness of products (Stead 2010). These policies played a very important role. These helped EU region to get out of the fear

Advertising in Schools Essay Example for Free

Advertising in Schools Essay Although this semester our class has discussed the different types of advertising in the marketplace, one technique that was not discussed is that of advertising in schools. This idea is a growing technique that if conducted the right way, could perhaps benefit not only corporate organizations, but also schools and students. However, there are many critics, along with parents that feel advertising in schools is a horrible idea and could only lead to harm. Many advertisers view children as a profitable three-in-one market. That is, 1) As buyers themselves 2) As influencers of their parents purchases, and 3) As a future adult customer. See more: Recruitment and selection process essay Every year, children have an estimated $15 billion of their own money, of which they spend $11 billion of it on products such as toys, clothes, candy and snacks. Children also influence at least $160 billion in parental purchases. Generally speaking, todays children have more money to spend than ever before. Companies know this and find that advertising to the youth of the nation can be beneficial and lead to future dedicated customers. Because of the increase in childrens spending power in recent decades, advertisers have closely targeted children as consumers. New advertising strategies aimed at children have been steadily growing and expanding. The toy-related program, or program length commercial (which is just like a infomercial) is developed to sell toys, and stirred public attention and debates. Along with this form of advertising, 900-number telephone services were accused of being aimed at children. In the 1980s, children got their own TV networks, radio networks, magazines, newspapers, kids clothing brands, and other high-price items such as video games and other high-tech products. Other new advertising strategies include kids clubs, store displays directed at children, direct mailing to children, and sponsored school activities. At first glance, selling corporate sponsorship rights to pay for school activities looks like a win-win situation. Needy schools get resources they need. Companies get new marketing opportunities that can build brand loyalty. After all, advertising in schools is nothing new. Districts have long used ads from local businesses to help pay the costs of school newspapers, yearbooks, and athletic programs. Even here at CBU our athletic department sells ads for Sports Media Guides to local institutions as well as national organizations. A growing number of companies are offering schools money for a chance to market their products directly to students. As budgets shrink, schools must find ways to get extra funding. Many schools are doing away with fund-raising and have begun to look at corporate dollars to fund just about everything. Signing contracts with these companies seems like an easy way to get the money they need. Schools need funding for in-school activities and equipment, and, in order to reduce the number of children going home to empty houses, they need to fund many after-school activities. Product advertisements can be found almost everywhere in schools. They are most frequently found in stadiums, gymnasiums, school cafeterias, hallways, and on textbook covers. Some schools across the nation are even putting advertisements on school buses. So what types of advertising are out there in our schools? There are different categories that ads can fall into. The following categories can represent most the advertising techniques used in our schools today and give a description of how they work. Types of Advertising 1) In-school advertisements In-school ads are forms of advertising that can be found on billboards, on school buses, on scoreboards, in school hallways, in soft drink machines, or on sports uniforms. This type of advertising is also found in product coupons and in give-aways that are given to students. 2) Exclusive rights contracts A company gives money to schools that carry ONLY their products. Extra money can also be given if a schools sales exceed a certain amount(quota). 3) Corporate-sponsored educational materials and programs Sponsored educational materials include free or low-cost items which can be used for instruction. Examples of these may include; multimedia teaching kits, videotapes, software, books, posters, activity sheets, and workbooks. While some of these materials may be ad-free, others may contain advertising for the producer of the item, or they may contain biased information aimed at swaying students towards a companys product or service. 4) Corporate-sponsored contests and incentive programs This is where students compete for prizes by selling, buying or collecting labels for a certain product. These contests and incentive programs bring brand names into the schools along with the promise of such rewards as free pizzas, cash, points towards buying educational equipment, or trips and other prizes. 5) Ads in classroom materials and programs Ads in classroom materials include any commercial messages in magazines or video programming used in school. A perfect example of this type of advertising is Channel One. Channel One is a 12-minute daily news show for students in grades 6 through 12 that includes two minutes of age-appropriate ads for products like jeans and soft drinks. In exchange for airing the program each day at the same time for three years, Channel One gives schools a satellite dish, a cable hookup, a television monitor for each classroom, and an agreement to service the equipment for the three years. While some state school systems had originally said No to Channel One, the company reports to be present in some 350,000 classrooms. So what types of guidelines are set to insure that in-school advertising is done correctly and does not become overly exploited? Those who support the call for guidelines include educational groups such as the Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development, The National Parent Teacher Association, and the National Education Association. The Society of Consumer Affairs Professionals in Business(SOCAP) and Consumers International are two consumer interest groups that have formulated guidelines for sponsored materials. These guidelines suggest that education materials should be accurate, objective, clearly written, nondiscriminatory, and noncommercial. (Karpatkin Holmes) In dealing with the issues of in-school commercialism, Karpatkin Holmes suggest a three-pronged approach that includes: * Reviewing all sponsored materials and activities and holding them to the same standards as other similar items by using the SOCAP guidelines. * Pursuing noncommercial partnerships with businesses and rejecting the notion that it is ethical to bring advertising into the schools to provide materials or funds. * Begin the teaching of media literacy in elementary school, to educate children to be critical readers of advertising, propaganda, and other media messages. Groups that support advertising in schools have very strong arguments to back their case. It seems that there is a large area for investment in advertising in schools. It also appears that if handled correctly, advertising techniques in schools can lead to the raising of an overall helpful, efficient way to fundraise. Although advertising in schools may bring needed increases in funds, it is not without controversy. Many people are opposed to advertising in schools. They feel that children are being exploited for profit because big companies feel students are a captive, impressionable audience. Is there any way to balance the true goals and purposes of advertising in schools? Perhaps the best way is to have each school decide what amount and types of advertising in their schools is acceptable. And although advertising in schools seems to be a great way of obtaining funds for school activities, every school board should definitely be sure they know what they are getting into before signing any contracts with big time corporations. In-school Advertising Grace Farrell Promotional Strategy Dr. Peyton 12/02/02 Bibliography Chaika, Gloria. Education World. 1998 Education World. Consumers Union Education Services(CUES). 1990. Selling Americas Kids: Commercial Pressures on Kids of the 90s. Yonkers, N. Y. Karpatkin, Rhoda, H. and Anita Holmes. 1995. Making schools ad-free zones. Educational Leadership 53(Sep, 1):72-76. McNeal, James U. 1990. Kids as customers. New York: Lexington Books. McNeal, James U. Planning Priorities for Marketing to Children. The Journal of Business Strategy. 1991.

The Presentation of Willy Loman in Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller

The Presentation of Willy Loman in Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller Willy Loman is presented as both a tragic hero and an unconscious victim in "Death of a Salesman". "Death of a Salesman" is very much based upon the American Dream, and whether we are slaves or conquerors of this dream. This is an idea that the playwright Arthur Miller has very passionately pursued both through Willy's own eyes, and through his interaction with the different characters in the play. Firstly, the definitions of a hero and a victim very much influence the way that Willy is viewed by the audience. Miller has not used the play to suggest that Willy Loman is an ordinary hero, but more a tragic hero. A tragic hero, simply by definition means that the reader already begins to see Willy in a more sympathetic light. A tragic hero is somebody who cannot forget his past, and so is destroyed by the consequences of his own actions. In order to picture Willy as a victim, again one cannot think of a regular victim, but of an ignorant victim. This would mean that Willy was completely unaware of his role as a victim in the play. It would also imply that Willy was not in control of his own fate. From the beginning of "Death of a Salesman" we see Willy playing the very victimised role of the conformer. Near the end of the first scene, as he speaks to his sons in one of his flashbacks he says: "the man who makes an appearance in the business world, the man who creates personal interest, is the man who gets ahead." This sounds very much like a typical business ideal, and one cannot help but feel at this stage that Willy is taking on ideas from other people ... ..., because he still thinks that he can solve Biff's problems with money. On the other hand, wrong answers do not, and should not disqualify a man from being a tragic hero. If we see tragic heroes as being those ruled by lust, ambition or jealousy, and fully respect these forces; why not neurotic awareness? In some ways, don't we ourselves live by the rules of Willy Loman - that "liked" is very different to "well-liked"? Every ordinary person is a potential 'watered down' version of Willy. Arthur Miller is neither blaming this solely on society, nor is he presenting a pathetic creature who is the author of his own misfortunes. Bibliography: Miller, Arthur. Death of a Salesman. Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama. Seventh Edition. X.J. Kennedy, and Dana Gioia. New York: Addison Wesley Longman, Inc., 1999

Hemoglobin Model

Hemoglobin model: note the 02 being carried by molecule. Pipe cleaners=subunits Green marsh mellow=iron molecule Yellow marsh mellow=oxygen molecule Orange cards= heme groups (wolfe, 2000)Oxygenated/deoxygenated oxygenated †¢ 02 bound †¢ Bright red †¢ Subunit is in relaxed form †¢ Higher affinity for 02 †¢ Affinity for oxygen is  cooperative, which means  that the affinity for 02  increases with each bound  molecule. ( Ahern & Rajagopal, 2013)Deoxygenated †¢ 02 not bound †¢ Dark red color †¢ In tense form which has lower affinity for oxygen. †¢ When 02 binds to  deoxygenated hemoglobin,  hemoglobin transitions from T  state to R state. This occurs  when 02 binds to iron, it  causes a change in the  subunit. ( Ahern & Rajagopal,  2013)Bohr Effect Hemoglobin has a high affinity for 02 at a high PH, low Co2. Hemoglobin has a lower affinity at a low PH, high Co2.  At a high Co2, low PH hemoglobin is more stable in the T state which decreases its affinity for 02. Oxygen needs to be delivered to the tissues. Tissues have a low PH. Hemoglobin needs to release 02 at low PH. Low PH = low 02 saturation.  ( Wolfe,2000 )Myoglobin: wants to store 02 for when tissues need it. Has a higher affinity than hemoglobin. ( Ahern & Rajagopal, 2013) Hemoglobin: wants to unload 02 in the tissues. Has a lower affinity than myoglobin. ( Ahern & Rajagopal, 2013 )  (Genetic science learning center, 2013)Difference between normal and sickle forms of hemoglobin.Normal and sickle RBC’s at the cellular level.  (Genetic science learning center, 2013)Diseased RBC’s vs. Normal RBC’s Diseased †¢ Have a sickle shape, and are  thick and sticky. Clumps  together in small blood  vessels. †¢ Blocks normal hemoglobin  to deliver 02 to tissues. †¢ Short life span of 10-20 days †¢ Body can not keep up with rbc production leading to  anemia and pain. (Wolfe,  2000)Normal †¢ Round †¢ Doughnut shape †¢ Life span of 120 days (Wolfe, 2000)  (Ahern and Rajagopal, 2013)

Other Forms Of Social Control

All societies impose social control on their citizens to some degree. This type of control allows them to monitor and regulate behavior formally and informally. Key’s to understanding a culture’s system of social control is having a better understanding of the social norms. In large scale society they maintain social control within the legal institutions.There are also two other major controls that exist that many are unaware of. Religion is known to have control over the population, the public and the behavior of all. Whenever a person claims to be a dedicated Christian they must follow certain types of moral codes in order to uphold the personality in the public.Television is another form of social control. This control was noted that television was blocking mostly those individuals from enjoying the life on the outside of their doors. Social control is even in our households. A person wants their household a certain type of way has somewhat of a social control.I am u nder the impression that when a child is growing up they are taught wrong from right, what is good and what is bad. This however is only to prepare them for the real world.The subconscious mind is an outstanding and powerful information processor that can record and replay events that happened in the past. However many individuals become aware of their own subconscious mind when they realize they’re engaged in an undesirable behavior only as a result of someone who has pushed the wrong buttons.

Steroids Essays - Anabolic Steroids, Endocrine System, Sports

Steroids Essays - Anabolic Steroids, Endocrine System, Sports Steroids Drugs have been used in sports almost as long as sports themselves have been around. The ancient Incas discovered that the ashes from burned leaves of the Coca tree gave the people great stores of energy, and made sleep unnecessary for hours or even days, it was later discovered to be the stimulant cocaine. They would take it before long hunts, battles, and even found it useful in ancient sport competitions. It wasn't until 1886 that the first drug-related death in sports occurred. A bicyclist took a mixture of cocaine and heroine, called the speedball, and died from it. Little were the doctors aware the epidemic that would follow in the next century. Anabolic steroids, developed in the 1930's in Europe, are drugs that help to build new body tissue quickly, but with drastic side effects. Anabolic means the ability to promote body growth and repair body tissue. It comes from the Greek word anabolikos meaning constructive. Steroids are basically made up of hormones. One woman training to make the 1984 US women's basketball team used them, her muscles started to bulge, her voice grew deeper, and she even had the beginnings of a mustache. These are all the usual symptoms of anabolic steroids. Steroids were not always used for sports, they started out the same way most drugs did, medicinal purposes. Victims of starvation and severe injury profited from it's ability to build new tissue quickly. They also helped prevent muscle tissue from withering in patients who had just had surgery. Steroids are used to treat Addison's disease. Anabolic steroids are drugs that come from hormones or from combinations of chemicals that achieve the same result as hormones. Hormones may be given to an individual in their natural state, or in a synthetic one. The synthetic state is sometimes more potent than the natural one. Testosterone and progesterone are hormones used in steroids, another kind comes from the adrenal glands, which secrete various necessary bodily chemicals. The stero ids themselves can be taken orally, as tablets or powders, and can also be liquids that are injected into the muscles. The steroids taken by athletes contain testosterone or chemicals that act in similar way to testosterone. Testosterone is found in men and women, but in women it is present in much smaller amounts, mainly because it is produced in the testicles in men. More than one hundred and twenty steroids are based on the hormone testosterone. There are many brand names, such as Durabolin, Winstrol, Pregnyl, and Anavar. Basically anabolic steroids control the bodily functions that are normally under control of the bodies natural testosterone. As well as turning women into men and men into manly men it has a stimulate effect on skeletal muscle mass, some visceral organs, the hemoglobin concentration, and the red blood cell number and mass. Of course, most people take anabolic steroids illegally to stimulate growth in muscle cells. Once a person is born, he/she will not grow anym ore muscle cells throughout their life. So when muscle mass increases it is the individual cells growing in girth to compensate for either an increase in work, or the release of androgen hormones(found in all anabolic steroids.) Exercise alone can stimulate the girth of muscle cells to increase by anywhere from thirty to sixty percent. The presence of androgen hormones allows for even greater growth. Anabolic steroids act like our natural androgen hormones in that they stimulate anabolic metabolism in the muscles. Anabolic metabolism involves the buildup of larger molecules from smaller ones and includes all the constructive processes used to manufacture the substances needed for cellular growth and repair. As a result of steroids stimulating anabolic metabolism, muscles increase in size to a substantially greater size than they would have been if the individual only exercised. Doctors take different views on prescribing steroids. Most dislike the use of them in sports, and some wil l not prescribe them at all for use in sports. They see them as dangerous for healthy individuals, and the taking of drugs to get a winning edge they see as cheating. Others don't like steroids, but will prescribe them, knowing their patient, if not given them by their doctor, will get them from somewhere

Sing Along ABCs Song Version

Sing Along ABCs Song Version Singing the ABC song has long been a favorite way to learn the alphabet in English. This song has the same melody as Twinkle, Twinkle Little Star. Click on the audio symbol to hear the song four times. Just listen the first time, and then try to sing along with song when it repeats. Sing this song often, and you will learn your ABCs quickly, too! Click to listen to the song and sing along! Sing Along Words and Letters A B C D E F G HI J K L M N O PQ R S T U and V W X Y and Z.Now Ive learned my ABCs. Tell me what you think of me! ABCs Pronunciation Guide eh like the open e sound in letee like the long e sound in the word tree A - eh-eeB - beeC - seeD - deeE - eeF - ehfG - jeeH - eh-eetchI - ah-eeJ - jeh-eeK - keh-eeL - ehlM - ehmN - ehnO - o-uP - peeQ - kjewR - arS - ehsT- teeU - you (pronounced like the pronoun you)V - veeX - eksY - why (pronounced like the question word you)Z - zee Practice the ABC Song on your own! More on Learning Correct English Pronunciation Learn how to pronounce English well by learning phonetic symbols. These symbols represent the sound of English words no matter the spelling.   English ConsonantsPronunciation of the Alphabet with Example WordsSpelling Quiz Page

Law Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Law Ethics - Essay Example Regardless, Title VII's notions have stood up in court, and this means that it has to be acknowledged in the workplace. This is true of the Eatman case, and through further analysis, once can display the fact that UPS's intentions were clearly in the wrong, as Title IV does not allow them to fire on the basis of religious discrimination. Title VII does not allow anyone to be discriminated against on the basis of race, sex, sexual preference, or religion in the workplace. Those who have particularly religious ideals (i.e. certain holidays that must be observed, as in the Jewish faith) cannot be discriminated against by the company on the basis of these ideals. This law has been written to include any standard religious observance and thus needs to be carefully observed and respected by companies. Therefore, if companies are not allowed to discriminate on the basis of religion, they are certainly not able to discriminate against one's choice of dress because of his or her religion. While UPS does have a policy that only UPS hats can be worn on the job, in light of Eatman's known religious preference, an exception should have been made to this rule. Eatman is of the Rastafarian religion and was mandated to wear a turban to cover his dreadlocks; certainly there is no harm in this mandate. Since it was a religious policy , UPS should not have discriminated against this desire, as it is a violation of Title VII to do this.UPS further violated Title VII by actually taking the step of firing Eatman over the situation. This is demonstrating a clear act of discrimination against one of a different religion. The concept of termination is not an acceptable approach in this situation, and it is in clear violation of Title VII. Obviously Eatman had disclosed his religion and his reason for wanting to wear a turban. Since this was a religious preference and because Title VII protects religious preference in the workplace, UPS should have given into the original request. UPS does not have any right to fire somebody on the basis of wearing a turban instead of a hat for his or her religion. Had Eatman demonstrated gross negligence or demonstrated the fact that he could not successfully complete his job,that would have been another item. But the wearing of a turban versus a hat certainly has no bearing on the ove rall job performance. It is acknowledged that UPS has a policy about wearing hats, but again, the fact that this was a religious preference and request should have been considered. Not considering a religious request is a clear violation of Title VII, and UPS has certainly mistreated Eatman and his requests.In order to correct this issue, UPS must first allow Eatman to come back to his job. Since the firing on the basis of the hat policy was discriminatory and unethical, Eatman should be awarded his job. Furthermore, UPS needs to rewrite their business policies in general to make sure that their policies do not allow for any type of discrimination on the basis of race, sex, gender, sexual preference, or religion. UPS, as a company, will need to review all aspects of its policies in order to make sure that they are being fair and ethical as far as the concept of non-discrimination according to Title VII is concerned. This may need to involve all board members or stockholders, and wil l

What does this book reveal about the American religious experience Essay - 2

What does this book reveal about the American religious experience - Essay Example The first story of the novel largely mimes the story of the Monkey King. It would not be an exaggeration to point out that the author deliberately chose this figure since in the original text the Monkey King also was a victim of ethnic discrimination. Indeed, being a monkey for no particular reason he was refused to join the gathering of other deities. Later he is explained that his entrance was denied because he is a monkey and no match to deities. No matter how absurd it may see, but in the fairytales there is also a hierarchy of the spices which may not be properly justified, just like in a real life society. Another interesting point that should be noted is the rejection from the group of gods actually served as an important impulse for the Monkey King to explore his abilities and live his life to its fullest. One might suggest that just like him, those people who were not able to incorporate in the society because of racial prejudices end up to be much more developed individuals than they could have been if they did not turn their attention to their identity. Quite ironically, throughout the story the Monkey King is the person who develops the most accurate understanding of his identity as well the state of affair in the society, featuring the perception of the world which is not distorted by any biases – something that the majority of the population both in the book or in the real life is not able to boast. The next story, the implications of which should be explored in order to prove the thesis deals with life of Jin Wang. Thus, it is quite important since it presents a rather peculiar description of the most hostile environment for the people of a different race that one can image: the white suburb of a town. It is quite obvious that the author deliberately made his Chinese character to move them in order

Comparing and Contrasting Poetry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Comparing and Contrasting Poetry - Essay Example ier to access and, in some ways, lighter, and the distance of the poet from the subject creates an atmosphere within which we can observe what is really going on. Both poems illustrate strong emotions: envy and love. The strong iambic trimeter of Papa’s Waltz is made slightly uneven by the extra unstressed syllable on the even lines, suggesting that, perhaps, the steps of the waltz are not exactly even either. However, in Richard Cory, we have iambic pentameter and the quatrain structure rhyming every other line, suggestive of a sonnet, which is only changed by adding the last two lines. The slightly uneven meter of Roethke’s poem creates a certain image of a stumbling dance, while Robinson’s keeps its perfect structure throughout, mirroring the poem’s statement of the perfection of Richard Cory. While there is a lot of imagery and symbolism in Papa’s Waltz, the poem Richard Cory is a symbol in itself, almost a painting in words, representing everything we dream about and everyone we envy. We hear description of things like he was â€Å"imperially slim†, or he â€Å"glittered when he walked†. Robinson uses words that hint of royalty: crown, king and imperially, but contrasts these with the meagerness of saying that â€Å"we† (the narrator’s group) â€Å"went without the meat, and cursed the bread†. Roethke is a bit more subtle with his poem, first allowing us to peek in at the scene, watching the boy and his drunken father stomp about. We know that the household is not rich, and that the father is a manual laborer, or maybe a farmer, from the dirt caked rough hands. The language is plain and driect, using words like â€Å"romped† and â€Å"scraped† while the language in Richard Cory is quite formal, increasing the mood of quiet admiration which bordered upon envy, and increasing the power of the simply stated ending. We suspect that the father in Roethkes poem is, at least a little, abusive. However, there is also a certain relationship shown between the

Macro Environmental Analysis Of Italy

Macro Environmental Analysis Of Italy Political aspects The Italian politics and government are a fusion of democracy and republic, with peoples representatives in the parliament ruling the country. Italys Chief of state is President Giorgio Napolitano. Premier Minister Silvio Berlusconi is the head of the state in Italy. He administrates a multi-party system for successful running of the political activities. Italy was a founding member of the European Union (EU). Today Italy is a member of many significant international organsations like MIF, UN, G8, NATO, OECD, GATT/WTO or the OSCE. Italy has been a member of WTO since 1995 and it is also important to say that all EU member states are WTO members. So Italys trade policy is almost the same as that of other members of the European Union. This fact makes clear that WTO trading partners have less problems in trading because of the removal of all barriers to international trade in goods and services. Demographical aspects Italy has developed into an industrial country, which is divided in two parts. The first part is the industrial developed north, which is dominated by private companies. The second part is the agricultural south. The unemployment in the south is pretty high and it is clearly to see that this part of Italy is less developed. The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is one of the most important economical indicators. For Italy the GDP is $1.823 trillion in 2008. But one has to keep in mind that this number does not refer to the population. If one wants to take in this aspects one should look at the GDP (PPP). For Italy this is $31,300 this means how much the average person living in Italy hast to spend. As an investor this number might become very handy because one can see how much money a country has to consume in luxury goods. Instead of being able to afford ones basic needs. The real GDP growth rate in Italy achieved an amount of -1% in 2008. The main industries in Italy are tourism, machin ery, iron and steel, chemicals, food processing, textiles, motor vehicles, clothing, footwear, ceramics. The main resources of Italy are mined products like coal, zinc, natural gas and a crude oil reserves. Macro environmental analysis of India Political aspects India is a democracy. The people of India elect their governments at all levels (Union, State and local) by a system of universal adult franchise; popularly known as ‘One man one vote . The central government exercises its broad administrative powers in the name of the President, whose duties are largely ceremonial. The constitution designates the governance of India under two branches namely the executive branch and Real national executive power is centered in the Council of Ministers, led by the Prime Minister of India. India suffered political instability for a few years due to the failure of any party to win an absolute majority in Parliament. However, political stability did not change Indias economic course though it delayed certain decisions relating to the economy. Membership of international organizations: ADB, AfDB (nonregional member), ARF, ASEAN (dialogue partner), BIMSTEC, BIS, C, CERN (observer), CP, EAS, FAO, G-15, G-20, G-24, G-77, IFAD, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, LAS (observer), NAM, OAS (observer), PIF (partner), SCO (observer), UN, UNESCO, UNWTO, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WTO International Relations: International relations ships between India and a lot of the countries in our world have been relatively good. Trade Policy: India is a member of the World Trade Organization and its predecessor the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). While participating in its council meetings, India has been crucial in voicing the concerns of the developing world. For instance, India has continued its opposition to the inclusion of such matters as labour and environment issues and other non-tariff barriers into the WTO policies. Despite reducing import restrictions several times in the 2000,India was evaluated by the World Trade Organization in 2008 as more restrictive than similar developing economies, such as Brazil, China, and Russia. The WTO also identified electricity shortages and inadequate transportation infrastructure as significant constraints on trade. Its restrictiveness has been cited as a factor which has isolated it from the global financial crisis of 2008-2009 more than other countries, even though it has reduced ongoing economic growth. Demographical aspects India has a total population of 1,17 billion people in 2009 and growth rate of 1.5 % in 2009 with an average age of 25 years. India has a lot of young people and with a Birth rate of 21.76 births/1,000 it has the highest birth rate of the three countries. Little over a quarter of the population in India lives in citys with 29% this is relatively low. However the degree of urbanization in india is 2,4% wich is also the highest urbanization rate of our three countries. The labour force in india is the second largest in the world with 523.5 million people in 2008 it is also the biggest of our three countries. There is a lot of difference in education levels in india. There is a strong line between really high education and people that are not or poorly educated. Comparison between Italy and India Political aspects India is a democracy, Italy is a fusion of democracy and republic. This means that both countries are free and people who live there make the decisions. The people of India elect their government by a vote, which have the function of a President. Italys leader is President Giorgio Napolitano and Premier Minister Silvio Berlusconi. India is one of the major producing countries of coal. It also has significant deposits of iron, manganese, mica, bauxite, titanium, bromine, natural gas, diamonds, petroleum and limestone. The natural resources for Italy are mainly mined products like coal, zinc, natural gas and a crude oil reserves. India is not a member of the EU like Italy, which was a founding member of the EU, nevertheless international relationships between India and a lot of other countries have been relatively good. Demographical aspects India has a population of 1.166.079.217 habitants. In comparison Italys population is 58.000.000. Apart from the major difference in population, the demographical aspects for India and Italy are unequal. India has a population growth rate of 1.548% whereas Italy has a growth rate of -0.047%. The population in India is quite young in comparison with the population of Italy. In year 2005 Indias urbanization had an annual rate of 2.4%, Italy only 0.4%. These facts show us that there are a lot of differences between the two countries. Economical aspects As an economical indicator, often it is reffered to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). For India the GPD is $3.297 trillion with an annual growth of 6.7%. In Italy this amount is $1.823 trillion with a clear smaller growth rate of -5.1% per year. Both countries have in common that most of the GDP is made in the service sector. In Italy the service sector makes up 71% of the total GDP while in India it is 53.4%. Italys major exports are precision machinery, motor vehicles (utilitaries, luxury vehicles, motorcycles, scooters), chemicals and electric goods, but the countrys more famous exports are in the fields of food and clothing. Indias major export commodities included engineering goods, petroleum products, chemicals and pharmaceuticals, gems and jewellery, textiles and garments, agricultural products, iron ore and other minerals. Italy and India in comparison to The Netherlands Political aspects In the Netherlands the form of government is not similar to the ones from India or Italy. It is a parliamentary representative democratic constitutional monarchy state. The administration constitutionally consists of the Queen and the Cabinet Ministers. By the early eighties the Dutch welfare state had become the most extensive social security system In the world but the welfare state came into crisis when spending rose due to dramatic high unemployment rates and poor economic growth. The centre-right and centre-left coalitions wanted the Dutch welfare state to create new jobs and to bring the budget deficit under control. So that they reduced social benefits, lowered the taxes and deregulated the businesses. With these solutions the economy was recovered and the budget deficit and unemployment were reduced considerably. The Netherlands has a total of 11 Parties and the major political parties are CDA (Christian Democratic Appeal), PvdA (Labour Party), SP (Socialist Party), and VVD (Peoples Party for Freedom and Democracy). The Dutch Parliament consists of a Second Chamber and a First Chamber. Both chambers of parliament discuss proposed legislation and review of the actions of the cabinet. The CDA has the most seats in the Chambers. Membership of international organizations: The Netherlands is an active and responsible participant in the United Nations system as well as other multilateral organizations such as the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), World Trade Organization (WTO), and International Monetary Fund. Trade Policy: In 2007 the exports of the Netherlands were $457.2 billion. The main export commodities are machinery and equipment, fuels, chemicals and foodstuffs. The Netherlands is a strong proponent of free trade and is a member of international forums like WTO and OECD. The share of foreign trade in its GDP is more than 125%. The Netherlands top three export partners are Germany, Belgium and France. Demographical aspects With 16.5 Million inhabitants The Netherlands have a high population density of almost 400 people per square kilometres. The birth rate exceeds the death rate with 10.9/1000 people against 8.68 death/1000 population and a very high net immigration rate with 2.72 migrants/1000 people also contributes to this. Therefore the Dutch population increased by 50% since the 1960s. Lately the population boom is slowly declining. The population is mostly divided in middle-sized cities. Economical aspects between the different countries Economical aspects of the Netherlands The Netherlands has a prosperous and open economy, which depends heavily on foreign trade. Its economy is also noted for stable industrial relations, fairly low unemployment and inflation and a sizable current account surplus. From 2004 till 2006 the GDP went from about $610 billion up to $670 billion. The GDP per capita in the Netherlands is the highest of the tree mention countries. The country has been one of the leading European nations for attracting foreign direct investment and is one of the four largest investors in the US. The pace of job growth reached 10-year highs in 2007, but economic growth fell sharply in 2008 as fallout from the world financial crisis constricted demand and raised the specter of a recession in 2009. Main industries: Natural gas; Dutch industry is diversified and includes a variety of businesses that range from manufacturing, mining, and energy production to construction and chemical manufacturing. Economical aspects of Italy Italy has developed into an industrial country ranked by both the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund as the worlds seventh largest economy in USD exchange-rate terms and tenth largest in terms of purchasing power parity (PPP) by World Bank, IMF and the CIA World Factbook. More recently, Italy has faced sluggish economic growth and reduced international competitiveness. Italys economic strength is in the processing and the manufacturing of goods, primarily in small and medium-sized family-owned firms. The country has been less successful in terms of developing world class multinational corporations. Economical aspects of India India has had a market based system from 1991 till now. Before that the government blocked a lot of the import/ export products to protect the people. India achieved 9.6% GDP growth in 2006, 9.0% in 2007, and 6.6% in 2008 this probably due to the global economic crisis putting the country on position 28 in the world. The GDP (purchasing power parity) did however grow from $2.816 trillion in 2006 to $3.069 trillion in 2007 to $3.297 trillion in 2008 placing india on position 5 according to the cia world factbook. Most of this (53.4% 2008) comes from the services sector in India. Conclusion Which country will have the best market to export goods and products to? India is a very interesting country to trade with. The economy is on a strong growth trajectory and predictions are that it keeps growing. All India has to do is keep their market open and keep on working on improving their infrastructure and educational system, this would also improve their GDP per capita. India has also barely been affected by the economic crisis of 2008/2009 Italy on the other hand has had a real problem since the beginning of the crisis, in the EU Italy has taken one of the hardest hits on GDP (PPP) and GDP Growth rate, however, even before the start of the crisis the Italian economy had already been ‘sluggish. In the end, it all depends on what goods and products you are planning to export. Italy has few natural resources because Italy has specialized on industry and building luxury goods and for all this you need materials so exporting natural resources would be best here. In India we would export capital/consumer goods, if the economy keeps growing as predicted than that combined with the fact that the liberalization of import taxes continues also adding a population of over 1 billion people. Makes it one of the biggest potential markets in the world at this time. Concluding that both of the countries have their advantages, the EU in Italy and the market potential of India, we prefer India to trade with. Sources: www.cia.gov www.demographic-research.org www.economist.com www.geohive.com www.oecd.org www.oup.com www.wikipedia.org www.de.statista.com www.economicshelp.org www.wiki.answers.com

Medicine In America Essay -- essays research papers

James Cassedy’s Medicine in America, A Short History takes a comprehensive look at medical progress in America from its colonial days to the present time. The book takes on five different themes in discussing medicine. First, it discusses the medical establishment, and how it develops over time. Second, it looks at the alternative to established medicine. Alternatives consist of any kind of medical practice outside the orthodox practice of the time. Third, Cassedy explores the science of medicine, taking time to recognize individuals who make significant discoveries in the field of medicine. The role of government in science is the fourth theme studied by Cassedy. The government makes considerable efforts into the regulation of medical practice in America. The final theme is the role of the environment in the health of Americans. In covering these themes, Cassedy breaks American history into four different time periods. The book will best be reviewed by looking at each of thes e time periods, and how they cover the aforementioned themes. Logically, the book begins by discussing the period of time that America is under the control of Britain. The first inhabitants of the continent took a beating from diseases carried by Europeans. Native Americans did not have the immunities instilled in Europeans. Disease is accredited to wiping out nearly 90 percent of Native Americans. The colonies, however, also had to deal with diseases. Very few physicians lived in the colonies due to the fact that Britain was still the mother country. With the medical establishment being as small as it was, the women of the household often took care of the day to day healing. Midwives handled childbirths, and basically anyone with any knowledge of medical literature was considered capable of healing. Some of the common treatments included steam baths, religious rights, and herbal remedies. Surgical methods were basically limited to that of setting bones and pulling teeth. Realizing that sanitation was a problem, larger towns eventually began to pass regulations on the removal of garbage and dead animals. Health related science was circulated by means of periodicals. Along with being a contributor to medicine as a scientist, Benjamin Franklin often published medical information in his newspapers. A strong supporter of inoculation, the Reverend Cotton Mather frequently wrote about medic... ...lear weapons and the affects of radiation. The AIDS epidemic is an example of a modern day disease that prompts massive government funded research and public awareness. The medical establishment now is maintained by such organizations as the American Medical Association (A.M.A). The emergence of effective medicine gave way to more success and trust in the American medical institution. Current advancement in medicine, however, tends to be tainted by the glory of discovery. While orthodox medicine continues to flourish, people still tend to seek unorthodox methods of healing, such as acupuncture. All things considered, medicine in America has made dramatic improvements since its colonial days. James Cassedy has made an excellent overview of the history of medicine in America. Granted that this book will not win any literary awards in the near future, it is still a well-written tool in beginning one’s research of medicine. He presents his topics in a manner that makes them in teresting, and causes readers to question the past of their medical culture. His choice of themes leaves little to be desired, and he thoroughly discusses each of them in relation to his specified time intervals.

Evacuation

Evacuations have become more common in today's world than many people realize. They are majorly the results of fires, floods or any calamity that occurs within our homes. Other storms like hurricanes upon their occurrence make mass-scale evacuation. Some occurrence takes place as a result of the activities done by man on land and some exist naturally. For example, transportation and industrial accidents that take place end up in releasing harmful substances at homes, places of work or along the water bodies, which make people to leave their homes and even places of work. However, the amount of time one leaves depends on the nature of the hazard. In case the event is in form of weather condition, you might have a day to ready. Some disasters do not give people time to pick their basic necessities and they end up vacating without any single asset. For this matter, planning ahead is very essential.An organized evacuation can result to either confusion, injury to the people vacating or damage of the property vacated. Therefore, when developing an emergency action plan, it is important to determine factors like the conditions under which evacuation would be necessary, evacuation procedures like routes and exits. Some important symbols also include fire, emergency and disaster planning diagrams, stairwell, security camera, sprinklers, and roof access, among many others. In this plinth, the paper aims at designing a well furnished evacuation plan with proper mapping, planning exit doors, and the plan for the disable. It will also pinpoint the importance of planning in advance for evacuation as well as stating some of the safety equipments and alarms. The safety equipment herein is good quality smoke detector, regular maintenance and the survival kits in case of emergency.Mapping Map is very instrumental in the design of evacuation plan. It provides instant clarity during the occurrence of the event. Some of the elements to consider include the basic layout of the property like the walls and the doors. This is very important because it help in showing the outside of the property for the people to go to in case of the emergency. The compass in the corner is also instrumental and it should indicate the direction of North with a capital letter â€Å"N.† The exit points like the doors should be left wide open most of the time for clear accessibility during exit. The marshal area, the point where the evacuees meet should be safe and a distance from the building site to provide enough protection from fie and any onsite peril like chemicals and explosive materials.Planning in Advance Apparently, planning in advance help in preventing most of the problems thereafter. Planning should start as far as the foundation of the building is laid. In planning, there should be a well stated chain of command, the person responsible for assessing the situation, the one in charge of high building, and even notifying the emergency services. It is important to plan and make everyone knows his or her role and be trained how to perform it. For instance, posting an evacuation plan on each floor, and identifying a trained personnel helps a lot in the getting people out in case of the disaster. The personnel ensure that everyone is accounted for and taken care of during the event. Planning for a visitor managing system also assist in the provision of a digital visitor log, this in return helps in account for any of the non-employee who might be present in the building during the occurrence.Planning Exit doors and Surveying the SiteSpecific evacuation procedures should be well planned and designed. Location of the emergency equipment like, routes, and exits like the doors, windows, should be marked and kept clear, open and safe all the time. They should be without any obstructions. In case of any building with interior spaces like the stairwells, painting should be done for clear visibility. Also, survey should be done in these places regularly to and reports made to the personnel responsible so that in case if damage, repair is made at an early stage. Evacuation plan suitable for disabled people Managers and the owners of institutions have the sole responsibility of providing the emergency facilities for people with disability. Disability like hearing, visually, speech, mentally should be taken care of. The elderly persons and children should also be considered in this case. A means of communication to people with hearing and seeing problems should be provided so that they are accommodated in case of the event. Color coding for the room identification should be simple and easy to identify for the disabled. Moreover, the employees should be taken to seminars and workshops and trained adequately on how to handle unexpected behavior as well as providing necessary assistant to people with such problems. Additionally, they should be made aware on how to handle mentally impaired persons and make good attempts to communicate with them efficiently, in a loving and caring manner.The Importance of Planning in Advance for EvacuationIt is important to understand that disasters are has to happen in every society. The response and recovery of the disaster starts and end at the local level and therefore it is important for the community to work together so as to prevent, avoid or control the occurrence of such phenomenon. Advance preparation ensures that most of the problems are controlled or saved. It is very important to alert the family members or the workers on how to respond to the cyclone watches and warnings for it helps them escape the danger within a short period of time. Children at the age of between nine and eleven when taught how to call police or fire department will help them save their lives in case they are alone in the house. Listening to instructions from the officials in various departments within the office helps one to prepare in advance to vacate the room when they inform you to do so. The fly away kits, which are the small bags or backpacks that contain family documents like the identification cards, the ATMs, credits cards should be kept in plastic bags to keep them dry most of the time. The kit helps in gathering most of the items like medicine, money and any important document before departure. Maintaining important credentials like the education, birth, marriage certificates, immunization records easily allow the foreign workers to grab their files quickly and plan for their travel back to their home countries or the adjacent states for safety.Testing the Escape Plan Plans must be checked, assessed and updated sporadically to ensure that they are up to date. Any contingency plan is better than failing to plan completely. It is important to test the workability of the plan to ascertain yourself that it is functional. Practicing the plan made underway will ensure that the problems and the weaknesses in the plans are identified at their primary stages and the corrective measure taken before everything goes a mess. Practicing also enables the planners to exactly know what they are required to do and where they should go at what particular time.Safety Equipment and AlarmNo one plans for an emergency or disaster, especially the ones that affects their lives. The truth is that the emergencies and disasters can strike anyone, anytime and anywhere and therefore preparing for them is very essential. One can be forced to vacate the house, work place or company at the time he or she least expected. In this precept, it is important to avail the safety equipment and alarms so that in case of any emergency, one is caught on the safe side. Good Quality Smoke Extinguishers and Fire Detectors Fire detector and smoke extinguishers is very appropriate and should be very effective. It must be able to sound a strong warning to all people within the premise in all circumstance. In as much as there are different types of fire alarms, one should consider the appropriate one for that risk assessment. Before installing the detector system, it is inherent to discuss with the local fire authority and advise accordingly. There are series of factors one should consider before installation. Ensure that the escape route is short, clear passageways to all the escape routes, the escape are kept free from any obstructions. It is very instrumental to install the emergency lighting system so as to provide enough light in the room in case of the event.Regular Maintenance Maintenance should be done regularly to ensure that the systems are in good conditions always. The personnel should do frequent check up on the workability in order to avoid the last minute rush. During assessment, the personnel may require that you provide portable multi-purpose fire extinguishers so that people on your premises can tackle a fire in its early stages. These fire extinguishers should be installed, tested and maintained in accordance with manufacturers' directives. In smaller business grounds, you may only need one or two transportable extinguishers. However, larger, big premises require a number of portable extinguishers, which are situated in suitable locations. Survival kits in case of Emergency The employees may need personal protective equipment to help them vacate the room in case of an emergency. Protective kits and equipment must be based on the likelihood of the hazard at work place and the ability of the workers to use them. Some of the safety kits in this case are the safety glasses, goggles or the face shields for protection, the chemical suits, gloves, hoods and boots for body protection against chemicals. It also important to have the hard hats and the safety shoes for head and foot protection. ConclusionIt is inherent to state that evacuation plan is very fundamental in our day to day life. It is not only used at home, but also in offices, big and small companies and any enterprise because a disaster is never planned for. It can occur to anyone, anywhere irrespective of the statues, social class, or the geographical locality. When planning for the evacuation plan, it is important to take care of all groups of people, the able and the disabled, the young and the old, and those living in low and high roofs. Also, it's important to take the preventive measure to avoid the occurrence of the event both at home and at work place, and in case it takes place there should be ways through which the victims find their ways out. Maintenance of the equipments used is very vital since it helps in ensuring that they are in good conditions always. They should also be tried always to ensure their workability and to avoid not only using them during crisis.

Die Opvoeder as Leier, Bestuurder En Administrateur

Question 1 1. 1. Write a paragraph in which you discuss the role of communication in creatinga sustainable positive atmosphere in your classroom. Communication is the transmission of an idea by someone, thesender, and the understanding thereof by another, the receiver. Communication is important to the success of any relationship,without it the relationship is doomed to fail. In order to increase thequality of the relationship the communication needs to be effective.Effective communication between the educator and the learners Inhis/her class is essential in order to create and maintain a positiveatmosphere in the classroom. 1. 2. Write a paragraph in which you discuss the importance of establishingpositive educator-learner relationships in the creation of a sustainablepositive atmosphere in your classroom. A positive educator-learner relationship is important as it enablesboth the educator and the learners to risk being honest with eachother, care about each other, it promotes inter dependence, ensuresmutual needs are met and allows each individual to develop their  own individuality.The creation of the above leads to trust between the educator andlearners and as such will result in a positive classroom atmosphere. Creating a good educator-learner relationship involves the following(Coetzee 2010:87): ? Creating open, professionally appropriate dialogue with learners. ?  Ã‚  Systematically building better relationships with learners. ?  Ã‚  Maintaining a high rate of positive to negative statements. ?  Ã‚  Communicating high expectations. ?  Ã‚  Creating opportunities for personal discussion.Guidelines that can be used to avoid the negative effects of educator  expectations are as follows (Coetzee 2010:87): †¢ Use sensitive information on learners carefully. †¢    Be flexible in your use of group strategies. Be careful how you respond to low-achieving learners duringclass discussions. ? Use materials that show a wide range of ethnic group s. Be fair inyour evaluation and disciplinary procedures. ? Communicate to all learners that you believe that they can learn. ? Involve all learners in learning tasks and privileges. ? Monitor your non-verbal communication. . 3. Discuss how you would promote learner participation in a multiculturalclassroom by creating a learning environment that supports socialising andintercultural interaction . ? I would first read through all the learning materials for that givensubject in order to determine if there is any aspect of the work or  activities which may be culturally insensitive to any of thelearners in the class. ? I am aware that cognitive learning styles are culturally dependentand therefore will use a variety of teaching styles, methods andstrategies in my teaching of the class. ?In order for the learners to participate and actively cooperate witheach other it is necessary to be aware of any instances of  cultural insensitivity immediately and take action, a way to avoidthe se situations, I could allow those members of differentcultures to explain about certain aspects of their culture to theother members of the class. This way I as the educator and theclass will learn about other cultures. ? I expect all the learners in my class to achieve to the best of their  ability as all people are able to learn provided they put in the timeand effort to do so.I am also aware that the academic andlearning ability of learners differ, so they at the beginning of theacademic year are required to set their own personal goals whichthey then work towards. These goals set are at levels slightlyabove what each learner believes they can achieve in order tochallenge them. When checking work done in activities the class needs to assistthe learner who is answering the specific question if they makean error in order to correct it, if they are unable to detect or  correct the error, I as the educator assist in guiding them to thecorrect answer. Question 2 2. 1.Name five wa ys in which educators can improve learner motivation in theclassroom . a) Make the learning task more challenging. b) Place less emphasis on teaching and grades. c) Move from extrinsic to intrinsic motivation. d) Have high expectations of each learner. e) Increase the learners ¶ perception that they control the learningsituation. 2. 2. Draw up the following of a classroom policy: 2. 2. 1. Aims and objectives of our class . Class Aims: To achieve our academic and intellectual potential through hardwork as a cooperative group, while promoting the acceptance of  others and respect for others.Individual Objectives: Each individual sets their own goals to achieve at the end of theyear (long-term) in order to contribute to the overall class aim. In order to achieve their own end of year goals the learners setshorter term goals in order to assist them in achieving their long-term goals. 2. 2. 2. Rules for our classroom . 1) We must respect ourselves, others and the educator. 2) We must be on time. 3) We must enter the class quietly, and get ready to work. 4) We need to bring all our stationary and books to class. 5) We must raise our hands to ask questions in class. ) We must not eat nor drink in class7) We must never disrupt another learner ¶s work. 8) We don ¶t leave litter on the floor, we put it in the bin. 2. 2. 3. Task division . Educator: ? Always prepared and punctual. ? Provide assistance to learners. ? Manage the classroom appropriately. ? Discipline learners fairlyLearners: ? Ensure all work is completed on time. ? Maintain a clean learning environment. ? Respect one another. ? Make sure all learning materials are brought to class. 2. 3. Define the following concepts: 2. 3. 1. L eadership The ability of an individual to influence other individuals or a groupto achieve goals. 2. 3. 2. C ntrol Assessment of work done and where necessary to realign andcorrect work done which is incorrect or not up to standard. 2. 3. 3. I ntrinsic motivation An inner d esire to be successful at a certain task (self-motivation) 2. 3. 4 . C ommunication The transmission of an idea by someone, the sender, and theunderstanding thereof by another. Communication can be verbal or  non-verbal. 2. 3. 5 . Co-operative learning A team approach to learning where each member of the group isdependent on the other members to accomplish a specific learningtask on an assignment. 2. 4 . Describe the autocratic and democratic styles of classroom management .Autocratic leadership style: Autocratic leadership is an educator-centred approach to theclassroom which is characterised by the strong leadership role of theeducator. The main focus of this type of leadership is on thecompletion of tasks and the learners ¶ ability to listen, work and do. Theadvantages of this type of leadership include the promotion of goodorder and an established routine in which some learners feel moresecure. The drawbacks of this type of leadership include one-waycommunication, rigid disc ipline, passive learner participation, a morereserved and unapproachable educator and little room for creativethinking.Democratic leadership style: This leadership style is characterised by educators that have goodsubject knowledge, who are good natured, helpful, fair, and warm. Educators who practice this management style encourage learner  participation. The advantages of this type of leadership include learner  confidence to participate in classroom activities, a relaxed positiveatmosphere and learners constantly being involved in learningactivities. 2. 5 . Explain how a message is conveyed by referring to the communication processmodel . In order for there to be communication there first needs to be apurpose for communication or a message to be conveyed.Thismessage is then encoded by the sender and passed onto the receiver  via a communication medium. The message is then decoded by thereceiver. This results in a transfer of meaning from the sender to thereceiver, who then may give feedback back to the sender. Question 3  µ A delict is an unlawful, culpable (intentional or negligent) act (or omission)committed by a person, which infringes the rights of another or causes himor her harm.  ¶ (Coetzee 2010:188) ? To constitute delict, one person must have caused harm or damage to another byhis or her action or conduct .The conduct must be voluntary human action and maybe either a positive action or an omission .  µ In terms of this element of delictual liability the school can be held liable asthey failed to remove the piece of steel or at least clearly demarcate thearea around the piece of steel, in order to make people aware of it. Thecoach, knowing that there is a possibility that players could fall during thewarm up due to the nature of the sport, could also be held responsible asthe teams were responsible for choosing a warm up area and the coachshould as such have checked the area for any objects that could causeharm to team members. The act w hich causes harm must be wrongful, that is, it must be legallyreprehensible or unreasonable in terms of the legal convictions of the community . To test for unlawfulness, the boni mores principle is applied . The question here iswhether the harm caused was unjustified in the circumstances . I n the absence of  wrongfulness a defendant may not be held liable .  µ The school can be held liable as they should have taken all precautions tohelp to prevent an injury of this nature to any person on their schoolgrounds.Knowing that they were hosting a basketball tournament theyshould have removed any objects that could cause injuries to any playersor clearly demarcate the areas where there could be concerns over theplayer ¶s safety. The coach in being responsible for the safety of his teamshould have thoroughly inspected the area chosen for the warm up for anydangerous objects. ? The act must be the result of fault in the form of intent (d  olus) or negligence(culpa) . Fault refers to blameworthy attitude or conduct of someone who has actedwrongfully .  µThe coach of the team was negligent as he should have inspected thearea for any danger to the players, if he had done so he would have seenthe piece of steel and then either have chosen a different warm up area or  at least warn the players to either avoid that area or be careful around it. The school could be seen to be negligent for failure to remove the piece of  steel or clearly demarcate the area around the piece of school. ? There is a casual relationship between the conduct of the perpetrator and the harmsuffered by the victim . I general, it should be shown that the person ·s injury didresult from the actions of the person charged with negligence . I n other words, theremust be a clear casual relationship between the act and the injury . A person cannotbe held liable if he or she has not caused any damage .  µ The school ¶s negligence in not removing the piece of steel or demarcatingthe are a around it resulted in the injury to the player, as such they can beheld liable. The coach for not thoroughly inspecting the area in which theplayers would warm up could also be held liable. ?A delict is a wrongful and culpable act which has harmful consequences . Damagesin the form of patrimonial loss or non-patrimonial loss must be present . There mustbe a connection between the negligent conduct and the injury (physical or mental ) . To receive an award for damages, a plaintiff must have suffered an injury as a resultof the defendant ·s negligent conduct . The plaintiff must prove that some damageoccurred . Although the injury or damage does not need to be substantial for anaward to be ordered, the injury must be real rather than be imagined .The courts aregenerally reluctant to award damages where there is not some form of injury .  µ Damages are present which are due to the negligent conduct on the partof the school, not removing the piece of steel or demarcating the areas urrounding the piece of steel, and coach, for not thoroughly inspectingthe area on which his players will be using to warm up. Contributory fault is where a learner does not show the degree of carenormally expected form someone of his or her age, knowledge andexperience.If this is present the educator will not be solely liable for anydamages resulting from an injury by his or her act. In the case in question,if the basketball tournament is for a junior age group (ie. under 15 ¶s) or asenior age group (ie. under 18 ¶s) will determine if there is contributory faulton the part of the learner ¶s. Under 18 learners ¶ can reasonably beexpected to be responsible enough to check themselves for any danger onthe warm up area chosen. Whereas the under 15 learners ¶ cannotreasonably be expected to check for any danger.